How to calculate VAT
Add VAT to a net price:
Gross = Net + VAT
Remove VAT from a gross price:
VAT = Gross − Net
UK example at 20%: £240 including VAT → net = 240 ÷ 1.2 = £200, VAT = £40. A quick shortcut: at 20%, the VAT in a gross price is always one-sixth of it (240 ÷ 6 = 40).
Standard VAT rates by country
Standard rates as of October 2026. Most countries also have reduced rates for food, books, transport and so on; pick the country and then type the reduced rate if it applies.
| Country | Standard rate | Country | Standard rate |
|---|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 20% | Hungary | 27% |
| Germany | 19% | Denmark, Sweden, Croatia | 25% |
| France | 20% | Finland | 25.5% |
| Italy | 22% | Greece, Estonia | 24% |
| Spain, Netherlands, Belgium | 21% | Ireland, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia | 23% |
| Austria | 20% | Luxembourg | 17% |
| Switzerland | 8.1% | Norway | 25% |
| UAE, Oman | 5% | Saudi Arabia | 15% |
| Australia (GST) | 10% | New Zealand (GST) | 15% |
| Singapore (GST) | 9% | Japan (consumption tax) | 10% |
| South Africa | 15% | Canada (federal GST) | 5% |
The dropdown has more countries. Rates change, often from 1 January or 1 July, so confirm with the tax authority before relying on a rate for a filing.
VAT on services sold across borders
- Business to business (B2B), EU or UK: services to a VAT-registered business in another country are usually invoiced without VAT, marked "Reverse charge". The customer accounts for VAT in their own country.
- Business to consumer (B2C) digital services in the EU: VAT is charged at the customer's country rate, and is usually declared through the One-Stop Shop (OSS).
- Exports outside the UK/EU: usually zero-rated or outside the scope of VAT.
These are the general rules; check the details for your situation with an accountant. To bill a client, the invoice generator adds VAT lines for each rate and has space for a reverse-charge note.
VAT, GST and sales tax: same maths
VAT (Europe, UK, UAE), GST (India, Australia, Singapore, New Zealand, Canada) and US sales tax are all calculated the same way: a percentage on top of the price. The difference is how they're collected. VAT and GST are charged at each step of the supply chain with credits for tax already paid; US sales tax is charged only once, on the final sale, at a combined state and local rate. For India's CGST/SGST split, use the GST calculator.
Frequently asked questions
How do I add 20% VAT to a price?
How do I work out VAT from a gross amount?
What is the VAT rate in the UK?
Which EU country has the highest VAT?
Can I use this for US sales tax?
Last updated . How we check our tools. Sources: European Commission VAT rates, GOV.UK, and national tax authorities.